{"id":3585,"date":"2021-12-24T22:05:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-24T14:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mxzfun.com\/?p=3585"},"modified":"2022-07-03T10:44:25","modified_gmt":"2022-07-03T02:44:25","slug":"21-12-03-%e8%85%be%e8%ae%af-c-%e7%ac%94%e8%af%95-%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%95%e9%a2%98%e5%8f%8a%e7%ad%94%e6%a1%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/mxzfun.com\/?p=3585","title":{"rendered":"21.12.03 \u2014\u2014 \u817e\u8baf C++ \u7b14\u8bd5\/\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u53ca\u7b54\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u94fe\u63a5 | http:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/274473971<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2\u3001C++\u7684\u591a\u6001<\/strong>
3\u3001\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>
4\u3001C\u548cC++\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>
5\u3001\u534f\u7a0b<\/strong>
6\u3001CGI\u7684\u4e86\u89e3<\/strong>
7\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
8\u3001TCP\u63e1\u624b\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e<\/strong>
9\u3001http\u548chttp\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/strong>
10\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong>
11\u3001\u5355\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>
12\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>
13\u3001KPM\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d<\/strong>
14\u3001TCP\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>
15\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong>
16\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001C\u548cC++\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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1.\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u8868\u73b0\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.C\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u5f3a\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u4ee5\u6a21\u7248\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C++\u4e0eC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u522b\uff1a\u5728\u4e8eC++\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u800cC\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4C++\u662f\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2\u3001C++\u7684\u591a\u6001<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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1\uff09\uff1a\u7528virtual\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7533\u660e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53eb\u505a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u53eb\u505a\u865a\u8868\uff0c\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u865a\u8868\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u865a\u6307\u9488\u3002\u865a\u8868\u662f\u548c\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u865a\u8868\u6307\u9488\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u6001\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u591a\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u6001\u6027\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\uff09\uff1a\u591a\u6001\u7528\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a.\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\uff09\uff1a\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a = 0\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6\uff09\uff1a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u662f\u6307\u5305\u62ec\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3\u3001\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7740B::foo\u548cB::bar\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaB\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570B::foo\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u91cd\u5199\uff08override\uff09\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570B::bar\u7684D::bar\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570D::quz\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6784\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cB\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u5f88\u597d\u6784\u9020\uff0cD\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6784\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6784\u9020D\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001C\u548cC++\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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1.\u6808 \u2014\u2014\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u91ca\u653e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u5806 \u2014\u2014\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5206\u914d\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u82e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u7531OS\u56de\u6536\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u5168\u5c40\u533a\uff08\u9759\u6001\u533a\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u7684\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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4.\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u653e\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u91ca\u653e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a)\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b)\u7528malloc, calloc, realloc\u7b49\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c)\u5728\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(d)\u52a0\u4e86static\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u540e\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u533a\uff08\u9759\u6001\u533a\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(e)\u5728\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684static\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fdextern\u5230\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(f)\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684static\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u6709\u6548\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(g)\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684”adgfdf”\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5e38\u91cf\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728C++\u4e2d\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u62105\u4e2a\u533a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5806\u3001\u6808\u3001\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u6808\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u5806\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531new\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u53bb\u7ba1\uff0c\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e2anew\u5c31\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2adelete\u3002\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u6389\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u548c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C++\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u5360\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u6b63\u5f53\u624b\u6bb5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u533a \uff08.text\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u5982\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u533a\u3001\u9759\u6001\u533a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636ec\/c++\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cc\/c++\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u533a\u3001\u9759\u6001\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u975e\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u5e73\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6808\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52a8\u6001\u533a\uff1a \u7528new \uff0cmalloc\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5373\u5e73\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5806\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9759\u6001\u533a\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u867d\u7136\u5360\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8ec\/c++\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u7684C\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u4e3a5\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u533a\u3001\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u533a\u3001\u5806\u533a \u548c\u6808\u533a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\uff08text segment\uff09\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u6307\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6808\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u548c\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u5730\u5740\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u6570\uff08\u5373\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u59825\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u5168\u5c40\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u533a\/\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u533a\uff08Data Segment\uff09\uff1a\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff083\uff09\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u533a\uff08BSS\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff084\uff09\u6808\u533a\uff08stack\uff09\uff1a\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff085\uff09\u5806\u533a\uff08heap\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u6210\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5355\u72ec\u5f00\u8f9f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8282\u7ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u533a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u653e\u5165\u6808\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u77ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u636e\u548c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u5806\u533a\u7531\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u7531\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u817e\u8baf\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\uff0c\u4eac\u4e1c\u7b49\u4e00\u7ebf\u5927\u5382\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u53ca\u7b54\u6848\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u9526\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5+qun720209036\u514d\u8d39\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5\u3001\u534f\u7a0b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u534f\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u534f\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u6808\u3002\u534f\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u5207\u6362\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u6808\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u5207\u56de\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5148\u524d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u6808\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff1a\u534f\u7a0b\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cd\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6362\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\u6240\u5904\u903b\u8f91\u6d41\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u534f\u7a0b\u662f\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8de8\u4f53\u7cfb\u67b6\u6784<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u9700\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u9700\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u9501\u5b9a\u53ca\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b9\u4fbf\u5207\u6362\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1+\u9ad8\u6269\u5c55\u6027+\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e2a\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b,\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5c06 \u5355\u4e2aCPU \u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6838\u7528\u4e0a,\u534f\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u914d\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u591aCPU\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\uff08Blocking\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982IO\u65f6\uff09\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u6389\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6\u3001CGI\u7684\u4e86\u89e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1aCGI\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u7f51\u5173\u63a5\u53e3\uff08Common Gateway Interface\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7CGI\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cWeb\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5668\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684CGI\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CGI\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u662f\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662fhtml\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7aef\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Cgi\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u7ba1\u9053( pipe )\uff1a\u7ba1\u9053\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u80fd\u5355\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5177\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf( semophore ) \uff1a \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5b83\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9501\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u67d0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217( message queue ) \uff1a \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u662f\u7531\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5e76\u7531\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u5c11\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u53ea\u80fd\u627f\u8f7d\u65e0\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u53d7\u9650\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58( shared memory ) \uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u6620\u5c04\u4e00\u6bb5\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684 IPC \u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e24\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u5957\u63a5\u5b57( socket ) \uff1a \u5957\u89e3\u53e3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u53ca\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#Messages\u6d88\u606f\u673a\u5236\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#CEvent\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08MFC\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u89e6\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8\u3001TCP\u63e1\u624b\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u63e1\u624b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u4e3b\u673aA\u53d1\u9001\u63e1\u624b\u4fe1\u53f7syn\uff1d1\u548cseq=x\uff08\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aB\u7531SYN=1\u77e5\u9053\uff0cA\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u673a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u4e3b\u673aB\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u8054\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5411A\u53d1\u9001syn=1\uff0cack=x\uff08x\u662f\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684Seq\uff09+1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u7aef\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

seq=y\u7684\u5305\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u4e3b\u673aA\u6536\u5230\u540e\u68c0\u67e5ack\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff08ack=x+1\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u7684seq+1\uff0c\u82e5\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u4f1a\u518d\u53d1\u9001ack=y+1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u673a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5217\u53f7seq=z\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aB\u6536\u5230\u540e\u786e\u8ba4ack\u503c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673aB\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u5305\u4e2d\u90fd\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u672a\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a1\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5e38\u5e94\u7b54\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u89c1\u56fe\u7247\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7a81\u7136\u53c8\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aclient\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u70b9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6ede\u7559\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5ef6\u8bef\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5230\u8fbeserver\u3002\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46server\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fclient\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u5411client\u53d1\u51fa\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u8981server\u53d1\u51fa\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728client\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7406\u776cserver\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411server\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46server\u5374\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85client\u53d1\u6765\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0cserver\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u767d\u767d\u6d6a\u8d39\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u521a\u624d\u90a3\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cclient\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411server\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u53d1\u51fa\u786e\u8ba4\u3002server\u7531\u4e8e\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053client\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u9632\u6b62server\u7aef\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u6325\u624b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e8eTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5355\u72ec\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8fd9\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5f53\u4e00\u65b9\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\u5c31\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a FIN\u53ea\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u540e\u4ecd\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6267\u884c\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) TCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5173\u95ed\u5ba2\u6237\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001(\u62a5\u6587\u6bb54)\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2aFIN\uff0c\u53d1\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aACK\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u52a01(\u62a5\u6587\u6bb55)\u3002\u548cSYN\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u5c06\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef(\u62a5\u6587\u6bb56)\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) \u5ba2\u6237\u6bb5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684FIN\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u56deACK\u62a5\u6587\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6536\u5230\u5e8f\u53f7\u52a01(\u62a5\u6587\u6bb57)\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8d77\u6325\u624b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c1\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u901a\u77e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e86\uff1b\u4f46\u672a\u5fc5\u4f60\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5168\u90e8\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u540c\u610f\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\uff0c\u6545\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\u548cFIN\u62a5\u6587\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u53d1\u9001\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e864\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u72b6\u6001\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff093\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#LISTEN: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u67d0\u4e2aSOCKET\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#SYN_SENT: \u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefSOCKET\u6267\u884cCONNECT\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u9001SYN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u968f\u5373\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e86SYN_SENT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u3002SYN_SENT\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u53d1\u9001SYN\u62a5\u6587\u3002(\u53d1\u9001\u7aef)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#SYN_RCVD: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0eSYN_SENT\u9065\u60f3\u547c\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u4e86SYN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684SOCKET\u5728\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f88\u77ed\u6682\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7528netstat\u4f60\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u7279\u610f\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u5c06\u4e09\u6b21TCP\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u62a5\u6587\u4e0d\u4e88\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5230ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001\u3002(\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#ESTABLISHED\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff094\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#FIN_WAIT_1: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8981\u597d\u597d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9eFIN_WAIT_1\u548cFIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u793a\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1aFIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5f53SOCKET\u5728ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u60f3\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u4e86FIN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8be5SOCKET\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u5230FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de\u5e94ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u5230FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u9a6c\u4e0a\u56de\u5e94ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u89c1\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800cFIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u8fd8\u6709\u65f6\u5e38\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528netstat\u770b\u5230\u3002(\u4e3b\u52a8\u65b9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#FIN_WAIT_2\uff1a\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aFIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684SOCKET\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u6709\u4e00\u65b9\u8981\u6c42close\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u544a\u8bc9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u6682\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u4f60(ACK\u4fe1\u606f)\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u518d\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002(\u4e3b\u52a8\u65b9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#TIME_WAIT: \u8868\u793a\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u4e86ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u7b492MSL\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u56de\u5230CLOSED\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679cFIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u540c\u65f6\u5e26FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u548cACK\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u5230TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u3002(\u4e3b\u52a8\u65b9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#CLOSING(\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u89c1): \u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6536\u5230(\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u5230)\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u518d\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u4f46\u662fCLOSING\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5374\u4e5f\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6b64\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5462?\u5176\u5b9e\u7ec6\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96be\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u65b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u540c\u65f6close\u4e00\u4e2aSOCKET\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0CLOSING\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6b63\u5728\u5173\u95edSOCKET\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#CLOSE_WAIT: \u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8868\u793a\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\u5462?\u5f53\u5bf9\u65b9close\u4e00\u4e2aSOCKET\u540e\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u4f1a\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u5230CLOSE_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5462\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5bdf\u770b\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5close\u8fd9\u4e2aSOCKET\uff0c\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u5728CLOSE_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4f60\u53bb\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002(\u88ab\u52a8\u65b9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#LAST_ACK: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u5f53\u6536\u5230ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5230CLOSED\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u4e86\u3002(\u88ab\u52a8\u65b9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9\u3001http\u548chttp\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1aHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u7531SSL+HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4http\u534f\u8bae\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTPS\uff08Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol\uff09\u5b89\u5168\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0ehttp\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#http\u662f\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93\uff0chttp \u5219\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684ssl\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#http\u548chttp\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837,\u524d\u8005\u662f80,\u540e\u8005\u662f443\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0bHTTP\u548cHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1aHTTP\u548cHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u56fe\u5145\u5206\u8868\u660e\uff1aHTTP\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14HTTPS\u662f\u5728HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0SSL\u7b49\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b56\u7565\u540e\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TLS\/SSL\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u4ee5\u53caHASH\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09Http\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u548cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u8054\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460TPC\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u800cHTTP\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5982\u4f55\u5305\u88c5\u6570\u636e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461HTTP\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f80\uff0cTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u4fe1\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982socket\u7f16\u7a0b\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5728TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5373HTTP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463HTTP\u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\uff0cTCP\u662f\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP\u662f\u5728\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u8fde\u63a5TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5374\u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3aHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u53c8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8be5\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e86HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u671f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u7531TCP\/IP\u63e1\u624b\u8fde\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5355\u51fb\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0cHTTP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08URL\uff09\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u662fMIME\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462\u5e94\u7b54\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u662fMIME\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5b9e\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u663e\u793a\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5c4f\u4e0a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463\u5173\u95ed\uff1a\u5f53\u5e94\u7b54\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u4ed6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790 –> \u53d1\u8d77TCP\u76843\u6b21\u63e1\u624b –> \u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u53d1\u8d77http\u8bf7\u6c42 –> \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94http\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f97\u5230html\u4ee3\u7801 –> \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u89e3\u6790html\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42html\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982js\u3001css\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\uff09 –> \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u9875\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6e32\u67d3\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u6b65\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u663e\u793a\u5c4f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531HTTP\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4fe1\u606f\u663e\u793a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09Https\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTPS\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7f51\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\uff09\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bc1\u4e66\u540e\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\uff08\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u53d6\u51fa\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) \u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\uff09\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1HASH\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) \u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u6bb5\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\uff09\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u89e3\u5bc6\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u63e1\u624b\u6d88\u606f\u7684HASH\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684HASH\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u6d4f\u89c8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u94a5\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u79c1\u94a5\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5bc6\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6216\u8005\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u3001SSL\u3001\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7SSL\u534f\u8bae\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6b63\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09SSL<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSL\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6563\u5217\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSL\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6bd4\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u8981\u4f4e\u7684\u591a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5SSL\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u534f\u5546\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9http\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728INTERNET\u4e0a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u673a\u6784\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u5408\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7f51\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5206\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u5165\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5c31\u8c03\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u5148\u653e\u5728\u5916\u5b58\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u79bb\u6563<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u9875\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u6bb5\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7f6e\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9875\u5c31\u7f6e\u6362\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7f6e\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9875\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5199\u5165\u4e0e\u64e6\u9664\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\u3002\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e5f\u5c31\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7ba1\u7406\u96be\u5ea6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u63d0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11\u3001\u5355\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u521b\u5efa3\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ListNode* ReverseList(ListNode* pHead) {
ListNode *p,*q,*r;
if(pHead==NULL || pHead->next==NULL){
return pHead;
}else{
p=pHead;
q=p->next;
pHead->next=NULL;
while(q!=NULL){
r=q->next;
q->next=p;
p=q;
q=r;
}
return p;
}
}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

12\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5173\u8054\u5bb9\u5668\u5982map\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e5f\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u504f\u5411\u4e00\u8fb9\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u67e5\u627e\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fRed\u6216Black\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u67e5\u627e\u6811\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6027\u8d281. \u8282\u70b9\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u6216\u9ed1\u8272\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6027\u8d282. \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6027\u8d283 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6307\u6811\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u7684NIL\u6307\u9488\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8005\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6027\u8d284 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea2\u8272\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u3002(\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53f6\u5b50\u5230\u6839\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u8282\u70b9)\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6027\u8d285. \u4ece\u4efb\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3e\u7aefNIL\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8005NULL\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b2c3\u30015\u70b9\u6027\u8d28\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684NIL\u6216\u8005NULL\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u5145\u5f53\u6811\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5373\u6b64\u53f6\u7ed3\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u68f5\u7531n\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u968f\u673a\u6784\u9020\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u67e5\u627e\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3algn\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u67e5\u627e\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3aO(lgn)\u3002\u4f46\u4e8c\u53c9\u67e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u627e\u6811\u82e5\u9000\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u68f5\u5177\u6709n\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u540e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3aO(n)\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u867d\u7136\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u67e5\u627e\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u67e5\u627e\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e94\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6700\u574f\u4e3aO(log n)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u5de6\u65cb\u53f3\u65cb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u6062\u590d\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e0a\u8ff05\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u8981\u90a3\u5c31\u8981\u505a2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7ed3\u70b9\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7740\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u53f3\u65cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5de6\u9009\u53f3\u65cb\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5de6\u65cb\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff08\u5de6->\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5x->y\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u4e3a\u201c\u652f\u8f74\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f7fy\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b0\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\uff0cx\u6210\u4e3ay\u7684\u5de6\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u800cy\u7684\u5de6\u5b69\u5b50\u5219\u6210\u4e3ax\u7684\u53f3\u5b69<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b50\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5404\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5de6\u65cb\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5206\u4e09\u6b65:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09 \u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u5316\uff0cy\u7684\u5de6\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u4e3ax\u7684\u53f3\u5b69\u5b50\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09 y\u6210\u4e3ax\u7684\u7236\u7ed3\u70b9\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff083\uff09 x\u6210\u4e3ay\u7684\u5de6\u5b69\u5b50\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f3\u65cb\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7d2f\u8ff0\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13\u3001KMP\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\uff081\uff09KMP\u5339\u914d\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

int KmpSearch(char* s, char* p)\n{\nint i = 0;\nint j = 0;\nint sLen = strlen(s);\nint pLen = strlen(p);\nwhile (i < sLen && j < pLen)\n{\n\/\/\u2460\u5982\u679cj = -1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\uff08\u5373S[i] == P[j]\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee4i++\uff0cj++\nif (j == -1 || s[i] == p[j])\n{\ni++;\nj++;\n}\nelse\n{\n\/\/\u2461\u5982\u679cj != -1\uff0c\u4e14\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u5373S[i] != P[j]\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 i \u4e0d\u53d8\uff0cj = next[j]\n\/\/next[j]\u5373\u4e3aj\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684next\u503c\nj = next[j];\n}\n}\nif (j == pLen)\nreturn i - j;\nelse\nreturn -1;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uff082\uff09next\u6570\u7ec4\u6c42\u53d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff081\uff09\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u4e0d\u662f\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u524d\u9762\u5339\u914d\u4fe1\u606f\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4f4d\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636enext\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6709next\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6c42\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Next\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\u5bfb\u627e\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u6700\u957f\u516c\u5171\u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u4e3a\u201cabab\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u4e32\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32aba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a1\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00a\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32abab\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a2\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00ab\uff08\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3ak + 1\uff0ck + 1 = 2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2461\u6c42next\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
next \u6570\u7ec4\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u5916\u7684\u6700\u957f\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u2460\u6b65\u9aa4\u6c42\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a0d\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f62\u5373\u53ef\uff1a\u5c06\u7b2c\u2460\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u6c42\u5f97\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6574\u4f53\u53f3\u79fb\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u4e3a-1\u5373\u53ef\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0b\u6807\u9700\u8981\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8eaba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32ab\u4e2d\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a0\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684next\u503c\u4e3a0\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8eabab\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32aba\u4e2d\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a1\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684next\u503c\u4e3a1\uff08\u76f8\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3ak\uff0ck = 1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
KMP\u7684next \u6570\u7ec4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u5f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8ddf\u6587\u672c\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\u5931\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e32\u7684\u4e0b\u6807i\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5339\u914d\u4e32\u7684\u4e0b\u6807j=next[j]\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u6c42\u53d6\u4ee5\u53canext\u6570\u7ec4\u83b7\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u662f\uff1a\u201cABCDABD\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u4e32\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u5206\u522b\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u539f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u5b50\u4e32\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0 0 0 0 1 2 0\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6545\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684next\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\uff1a-1 0 0 0 0 1 2\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0b\u6807\u662f\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cnext\u6570\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u8981\u52a01\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6c42\u53d6next\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
string T; \/\/T\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\ncin>>T;\nint len=T.size();\nqueue<int> MaxLen;\nvector<int> next;\nMaxLen.push(0); \/\/\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u8bbe\u4e3a0\nfor(int i=1;i<len;i++)\n{\nint k=1,maxLen=0;\nwhile(k<=i)\n{\nif(T.substr(0,k)==T.substr(i-k+1,k))\n{\nmaxLen=k;\n}\nk++;\n}\nMaxLen.push(maxLen);\n}\ncout<<endl;\nnext.push_back(-1); \/\/\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u8bbe\u4e3a-1\nwhile(MaxLen.size()>1)\n{\nint temp=MaxLen.front();\nnext.push_back(temp);\nMaxLen.pop();\ncout<<temp<<' ';\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
14\u3001TCP\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7b54\uff1aTCP\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u4f20\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u585e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u7528\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5206\u7ec4\u6570\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7b54\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u5927\u591a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6491\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff081\uff09Microsoft JET (Joint Engineering Technologe) \u7528\u4e8eAccess\u548cVB\u7684\u5185\u5d4c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff082\uff09ODBC\uff08Open DataBase Connectivity\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e92\u8fde\uff09\u662f\u7531Microsoft\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aODBC\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5728\u672c\u5730PC\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u591a\u79cd\u5f02\u6784\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982SQL Server\u3001Oracle\u6216\u8005DB2\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff083\uff09OLE DB\u662fMicrosoft\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cMicrosoft\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aODBC\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff084\uff09MYSQL\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\uff1aISAM\u3001MYISAM\u548cHEAP\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578bINNODB\u548cBERKLEY\uff08BDB\uff09\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460ISAM\u6267\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8d44\u6e90\u3002ISAM\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d \u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u9519\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2461MyISAM\u662fMySQL\u7684ISAM\u6269\u5c55\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ceMYISAM\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9bISAM\u91cc\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u529f\u80fd\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MyISAM\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u683c\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u8fd0\u884cOPTIMIZE TABLE\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6765\u6062\u590d\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u673a\u5236\u6240\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2462HEAP\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u683c\u3002\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u8ba9HEAP\u8981\u6bd4ISAM\u548cMYISAM\u90fd\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5173\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b54\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u4e00\u5217\u6216\u591a\u5217\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1aemployee \u8868\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u53f7\u5217\uff08id\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\uff0cselect * from employee where id=10000\u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u7f16\u53f710000\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u76f4\u5230id=10000\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5feb \u6570\u636e\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8868\u548c\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u522b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u5b50\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e94\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f18\u5316\u9690\u85cf\u5668\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\uff0c\u8868\u7684\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7d22\u5f15\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\u552f\u4e00 \u6027\u7d22\u5f15\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5197\u4f59\u6570\u636e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2461\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u521b\u5efa\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\u4e0a\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u503c\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u524d\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u5206\u4e3a\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u975e\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\uff09\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u884c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\uff09\u975e\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5355\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u9884\u8bfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7528\u5230\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u96c6\u4e2d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u78c1\u76d8\u9884\u8bfb\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u9700\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u591a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8e\u9700\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5199\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u901f\u5ea6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6ce8\uff1a\u78c1\u76d8\u9884\u8bfb\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9875\uff0c\u6216\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528B\u6811\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u79cdB+\u6811\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fdb\u884cB-\/+Tree\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff081\uff09B\u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5de7\u5999\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u9884\u8bfb\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5c06B\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21I\/O\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b8c\u5168\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0B-Tree\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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